Differentiate between following with the help of an example: a) Argument and Parameter b) Global and Local variable

Differentiate between following with the help of an example:

a) Argument and Parameter

b) Global and Local variable

a) Argument and Parameter

• Parameter: A parameter is a variable in the function definition. It is a placeholder for the value that will be passed when the function is called.

• Argument: An argument is the actual value passed to the function when it is invoked.

Example:

# Function definition with parameters
def greet(name, age):
    print("Hello", name, "you are", age, "years old")

# Function call with arguments
greet("Alice", 30)

In this example:

• name and age are parameters in the function definition.

• "Alice" and 30 are arguments in the function call.

b) Global and Local variable

• Global Variable: A global variable is defined outside of any function and can be accessed by any function within the same module.

• Local Variable: A local variable is defined inside a function and can only be accessed within that function.

Example:

# Global variable
count = 10

def increment():
    # Local variable
    value = 5
    print("Inside increment function, value =", value)
    # Accessing global variable within a function
    global count
    count += 1
    print("Inside increment function, count =", count)

# Calling the function
increment()

# Accessing global variable outside all functions
print("Outside any function, count =", count)

# Trying to access local variable outside its function will raise an error
print("Outside any function, value =", value)  # This will cause an error

In this example:

• count is a global variable that is defined outside the function and accessed both inside and outside the function.

• value is a local variable that is defined inside the increment function and can only be accessed within that function.

• The last print statement will raise a NameError because value is not accessible outside the increment function.