What is the need of RAM? How does it differ from ROM?

What is the need of RAM? How does it differ from ROM?

RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory) are both crucial components of a computer's primary memory, but they serve different purposes and have distinct characteristics.

Need of RAM

RAM is needed for the following reasons:

• Temporary Storage: It stores data and instructions temporarily while the computer is executing tasks.

• High Speed: RAM is much faster compared to secondary storage devices, allowing for quick data accessibility for the CPU.

• Volatile Storage: It can be written to and read from multiple times which is vital for processing tasks and running applications.

Differences between RAM and ROM

Here are the key differences between RAM and ROM:

• Volatility:

  • RAM is volatile. This means all data is lost when the computer is turned off.

  • ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is turned off.

• Mutability:

  • RAM can be read from and written to. This characteristic is crucial for general processing tasks.

  • ROM can be read-only (or less frequently written to in some cases), making it ideal for storing immutable data like firmware.

• Usage:

  • RAM is used for temporary storage of data that the CPU accesses while performing tasks.

  • ROM is used for permanent storage of data that is needed for booting and basic system functions, such as the startup program (boot loader).

• Speed:

  • RAM is typically faster than ROM because it needs to be accessed rapidly by the CPU while executing instructions.

  • ROM is generally slower compared to RAM.

• Storage Capacity:

  • Modern RAM sizes can go up to multiple gigabytes (GB), facilitating the operation of complex and multiple applications.

  • ROM usually comes in smaller sizes compared to RAM as it's only meant to store essential and immutable data.

In summary, while RAM is essential for temporary, high-speed data storage and frequent access during computer operations, ROM is crucial for permanently storing firmware and essential programs that are critical for system boot and basic functionality.