What is the primary role of system bus? Why is data bus is bidirectional while address bus is unidirectional?

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What is the primary role of system bus? Why is data bus is bidirectional while address bus is unidirectional?

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The primary role of the system bus is to transfer data, addresses, and control signals between the components of a computer system. It acts as a communication pathway for data exchange among the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

Data Bus and Address Bus:

  • Data Bus:

    • The data bus is bidirectional because data must flow in both directions:

      • From the CPU to memory or I/O devices (e.g., storing data).

      • From memory or I/O devices to the CPU (e.g., reading data).

  • Address Bus:

    • The address bus is unidirectional because it only needs to carry addresses from the CPU to memory or I/O devices:

      • The CPU places the address of the data it wishes to read or write on the address bus, specifying the location to access.

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