Fibre to Fabric - Class 6 Science - Chapter 3 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Notes - Fibre to Fabric | Class 6 Practice and More Science | Science
Fibre to Fabric Class 6 Notes: Comprehensive Guide for Students
Understanding the journey from fibre to fabric is essential in comprehending how the clothes we wear are made. This article delves into the types of fibres, the processes involved in creating yarn, and the subsequent formation of fabric.
Understanding Fibre and Fabric
What is Fibre?Fibre is a very thin, thread-like strand from which cloth is made. In Hindi, it is referred to as 'tantu' or 'resha'.
What is Fabric?Fabric, also known as cloth, is produced by weaving or knitting long, twisted threads called yarn made from fibres. Various types of fabrics are used to make different clothing items such as shirts, trousers, sarees, curtains, and more.
Types of Fabrics
Fabrics can be broadly classified into:
Cotton Fabrics
Woollen Fabrics
Silk Fabrics
Synthetic Fabrics
What is Yarn and How is it Made?
Yarn is a 'spun thread' used for weaving or knitting fabrics.
Process of Making Yarn from Fibres:Spinning is the process where fibres from a mass of cotton or other materials are drawn out and twisted together, forming long twisted threads known as yarn.
Converting Yarn to Fabric
Once yarn is made, it can be converted into fabric through:
Weaving: Using looms to interlace two sets of yarn at right angles.
Knitting: Interlocking loops of yarn using needles or machines.
Types of Fibres
Fibres are categorised into:
Natural Fibres
Synthetic Fibres
Natural Fibres: Obtained from plants and animals, examples include cotton, wool, silk, flax, and jute. Synthetic Fibres: Made from chemical substances, examples include nylon, polyester, and polyacrylic.
Detailed Look at Natural Fibres
Cotton:
Source: Cotton plants.
Process: Cotton fibres are separated from seeds by a process called ginning.
Flax:
Fibres obtained from the stem of the flax plant are called flax or linen, used for making bed-sheets and other fabrics.
Jute:
Source: Jute plants.
Process: Stems of jute plants are immersed in water to separate fibres after they rot. Used for making ropes and gunny bags.
Making of Fabrics
1. Spinning: Process and Tools
Spinning converts fibres into yarn using:
Hand Spindle (Takli)
Spinning Wheel (Charkha)
Spinning Machines
2. Making Fabrics from Yarn
Weaving: Uses looms to arrange two sets of yarns at right angles to create fabric.
Knitting: Uses a single yarn to create fabric by interlocking loops. Commonly used for making sweaters, socks, and vests.
Historical Perspective
In ancient times, people used tree barks, leaves, animal skins, and furs as clothing. Gradually, they learned to weave vines and animal hair to make fabrics. They then started cultivating plants like cotton and flax near water sources to get fibres for fabric making. Initially, fabrics were draped around the body, and stitching methods developed later with the invention of sewing needles.
Uses of Different Fabrics
Everyday Uses: Clothes, bedsheets, bags, and more.
Special Uses: Carpets, ropes and other industrial applications.
Conclusion
The process from fibre to fabric is an intricate journey involving the extraction of fibres, spinning them into yarn, and converting them into fabric through weaving or knitting. Understanding this process reveals the effort and creativity behind the simple materials we use daily.
Illustration showing the process from fibre to fabric:
This comprehensive knowledge provides a solid foundation for students eager to understand and appreciate the detailed crafting of fabric.
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