Improvement In Food Resources - Class 9 Science - Chapter 12 - Notes, NCERT Solutions & Extra Questions
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Extra Questions - Improvement In Food Resources | NCERT | Science | Class 9
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Why did the wheat-growing areas fare better in the Green Revolution?
A) Availability of wheat HVY seeds
B) More fertilisers available
C) Better water-fed areas
D) None of the above
The correct answer is C) Better water-fed areas.
This is because wheat-growing regions that had better irrigation facilities and were more water-fed generally experienced greater success during the Green Revolution. These improved conditions enhanced the growth and yield of wheat crops.
Which one of the following fish is a surface feeder?
A Rohus
B Mrigals
C Common carps
D Catlas
The correct option is D Catlas.
What do you do with the leftover food at home?
Leftover food at home should not be simply discarded. Instead, it can be responsibly managed by composting. Placing this food into a compost pit allows it to be converted into natural manure. This manure can then be used as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. By doing this, leftover food is utilized in a more environmentally friendly manner, rather than being wasted.
The objective of National Food Security Mission (NFSM) is to increase the production of: i) Rice ii) Fruits iii) Vegetables iv) Pulses v) Coarse Cereals
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
A) a) i, ii, iii and iv only
B) b) i, iv and v only
C) c) i, ii, iii and v only
D) d) i, ii, iv and v only
The correct answer is B (i, iv, and v only).
Explanation:
The National Food Security Mission (NFSM) aims to enhance the production of specific food grains to ensure food security in India. During the 12th Five Year Plan, NFSM set targets to increase production by an additional 25 million tons, broken down as follows:
10 million tons of rice
8 million tons of wheat
4 million tons of pulses
3 million tons of coarse cereals
The NFSM focuses on improving the yield of these select crops rather than fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the components of NFSM specifically include:
NFSM-Rice
NFSM-Pulses
NFSM-Coarse cereals
Fruits and vegetables are not part of the NFSM targets under the 12th Five Year Plan. The options that include these items (i.e., fruits and vegetables) are incorrect, confirming option B as the correct answer.
Why does manure help in increasing the number of useful soil nutrients? Whereas, if we see, manure is not nutrient-specific.
Manure is essentially organic matter primarily derived from animal feces, and when used as a fertilizer, it significantly enhances soil structure. This enhancement leads to improved water infiltration and an increased water-holding capacity, which not only minimizes water stress on crops but also reduces soil erosion and boosts nutrient retention within the soil.
The presence of manure in the soil provides a swift supply of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other beneficial nutrients. It aids in warming the soil, which accelerates the decomposition process and subsequently increases microbial activity. This activity further enhances nutrient availability and absorption by plants. Additionally, unlike chemical fertilizers, manure tends to reduce the soil's acidity levels (pH), making the environment more favorable for plant growth.
In summary, manure acts as a versatile and valuable organic fertilizer contributing not only to nutrient supplementation but also to the overall improvement of soil health, which is essential for sustainable agriculture.
Why are fertilizers added to the soil?
Fertilizers are added to the soil primarily to maintain soil fertility. This allows farmers to grow nutritious and healthy crops consistently. Fertilizers are critical because they provide essential plant nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These nutrients are vital for the growth and development of crops.
A lake with an inflow of fertilizers into the fields by rainwater leads to:
A. Drying of the lake
B. Increased production of fish due to a lot of nutrients
C. Death of fish due to lack of oxygen
D. Oxides of nitrogen
The correct answer is C. Death of fish due to lack of oxygen.
When fertilizers employed in agriculture are swept into lakes by rain, they excessively nourish bacteria in the water. This rapid bacterial growth depletes the oxygen available in the water, which is crucial for the survival of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Consequently, this leads to a decrease in oxygen levels, resulting in the death of aquatic animals.
Which of these make manure?
A) Plastics
B) Metals
C) Food
D) All of these
The correct answer is C) Food.
Food wastes from the kitchen are rich in organic components, making them ideal for composting into manure.
What are the reasons for superbugs to be formed?
A) Increased use of antibiotics
B) Increased cultivation of pest- and disease-resistant crops
C) Decreased cultivation of herbicide-resistant crops
D) Extensive use of antibiotic-resistant genes in genetic engineering
Correct Answer Options:
A. Increased use of antibiotics
B. Increased cultivation of pest- and disease-resistant crops
D. Extensive use of antibiotic-resistant genes in genetic engineering
Explanation:
Superbugs are organisms that have evolved to become resistant to the antibacterial or pesticidal chemicals traditionally used to control them. The formation of superbugs can be facilitated by several factors:
Increased use of antibiotics - This constant exposure to antibiotics can drive bacteria to develop resistance, enabling them to survive and proliferate even in the presence of these drugs.
Increased cultivation of pest- and disease-resistant crops - These crops can promote the evolution of pests that are no longer susceptible to the standard resistant mechanisms introduced in crops.
Extensive use of antibiotic-resistant genes in genetic engineering - Using these genes as markers in genetic engineering may inadvertently contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance when these genes are transferred to microorganisms in the environment.
Together, these practices enhance the likelihood of superbugs developing, posing significant challenges to healthcare and agriculture.
Give ways of better housekeeping practices.
Better Housekeeping Practices
Avoid pouring cooking oils and fats down the drain as they can solidify and cause blockages in the pipes.
Proper disposal of chemicals like paints, solvents, insecticides, motor oil, and medicines is crucial because they can destroy the microorganisms that are essential for water purification. These should not be disposed of into the drain.
Proper waste segregation: Used tea leaves, solid food remnants, soft toys, cotton, and sanitary towels should be disposed of in the dustbin. Disposing of these materials in the drain can lead to clogs and impede the oxygen flow essential for the degradation process in sewage systems.
Crop rotation or mixed cropping can improve the fertility of the land.
True
False
The correct option is A True
Explanation:
Crop rotation is the practice of cultivating different types of crops sequentially on the same land. This method is beneficial because it ensures that the soil does not become depleted from being used for only one set of nutrients. It offers the following advantages:
Reduces soil erosion
Increases crop yield
Enhances soil fertility
By alternating crops, the soil benefits from a variety of nutrients and improved structure, leading to overall better land health.
Golden rice is enriched with
Option 1: vitamin B
Option 2: vitamin E
Option 3: vitamin C
Option 4: vitamin A
The correct option is Option 4: Vitamin A.
Golden rice is a biofortified rice variety enriched with elevated levels of beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A, which means it is converted into vitamin A in the body. Consequently, Golden rice helps to combat vitamin A deficiency.
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Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Crop rotation is a method ensuring high yield in crop production. It involves the pre-planned succession of different crops grown on the same land. This technique helps in optimizing the use of nutrients, as different crops require and add different nutrients to the soil. It leads to reduced pest and disease cycles and better weed control, improving soil structure and fertility. By allowing for multiple crops in a year, crop rotation boosts productivity, ensuring sustainability and high yields.
Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
Manure and fertilizers are used in fields to enrich the soil with essential nutrients and organic matter, increasing soil fertility. Manure provides large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients to the soil, enhancing soil structure and water retention. Fertilizers, commercially produced plant nutrients, supply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, essential for vegetative growth and healthy plant development. Their application ensures good vegetative growth, ultimately leading to higher yields of crops by fulfilling the nutrient requirements not sufficiently provided by the soil alone.
What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Inter-cropping offers the following advantages: It ensures maximum utilization of nutrients, prevents pests and diseases from spreading across all plant types, and can lead to better returns due to the cultivation of multiple crops.
Crop rotation provides benefits such as utilization of moisture and nutrients efficiently over different growing seasons, reduction in soil erosion, interruption of pest and disease cycles, and allows for multiple crops in a year, enhancing farm productivity and sustainability.
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Genetic manipulation involves introducing a gene into crop varieties to provide them with a desired characteristic. This process results in genetically modified crops. It's a crucial aspect of crop variety improvement, enabling the development of crop varieties that can yield high outputs under diverse conditions found in different areas. Genetic manipulation is particularly beneficial in agriculture for breeding crops with traits such as disease resistance, improved quality, higher yields, and adaptability to climatic stresses, thereby significantly enhancing food production efficiency.
How do storage grain losses occur?
Storage losses in agricultural produce can be very high due to biotic factors such as insects, rodents, fungi, mites, and bacteria, and abiotic factors involving inappropriate moisture and temperatures in the storage place. These elements lead to degradation in quality, loss in weight, poor germinability, and discolouration of produce, resulting in diminished marketability. Proper treatment and systematic management of warehouses, including strict cleaning, proper drying, and fumigation with chemicals, are essential practices to control these factors and reduce losses during storage.
How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
Good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers by increasing productivity of livestock, which in turn enhances income. Proper care, feeding, breeding, and disease control ensure the health of farm animals, leading to higher yields of milk, eggs, and meat. Additionally, these practices minimize losses due to disease and mortality. Moreover, the scientific management of animal livestock, including selection of high-yielding breeds through cross-breeding, contributes to better quality produce. Ultimately, adopting such methods results in sustainable farming operations, promoting long-term success and stability for farmers.
What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Cattle farming offers several benefits, including the production of milk and dairy products which are essential for a nutritious diet. It also provides draught labour for agricultural tasks like tilling, irrigation, and carting, contributing to farm productivity. Additionally, cattle farming can lead to the creation of high-quality breeds through cross-breeding practices, combining traits like long lactation periods and resistance to diseases. Furthermore, it supports the recycling of farm waste as feed, promoting environmental sustainability.
For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?
For increasing production across poultry, fisheries, and bee-keeping, varietal improvement and cross-breeding are common practices. In poultry, cross-breeding between Indian and exotic breeds aims for desirable traits like higher egg and meat production. In fisheries, enhancing fish production involves the culture in marine and inland ecosystems, with techniques like composite fish culture for efficiency. Bee-keeping focuses on using varieties such as A. mellifera, known for its high honey collection capacity, alongside the establishment of bee farms or apiaries for commercial honey production.
How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture?
Capture fishing involves obtaining fish from natural resources like seas or rivers, relying on wild fish populations. Mariculture, a subset of aquaculture, refers to the cultivation of marine organisms in the open ocean, enclosed sections of the ocean, or tanks filled with seawater, focusing on species such as finned fishes, shellfish, and seaweed. Aquaculture, on the other hand, involves the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants in controlled environments, including both freshwater and marine species.
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Improvement in Food Resources for Class 9 Students
Introduction
Improving food resources is vital to meet the nutritional needs of a growing population. It involves enhancing agricultural productivity through sustainable methods. This article delves into the methods and significance of improving food resources as outlined in the Class 9 curriculum.
Key Nutrients from Food Sources
Food provides essential proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals necessary for growth and health.
Nutrients from Cereals, Pulses, Fruits, and Vegetables:
Cereals (wheat, rice): Carbohydrates
Pulses (gram, peas): Proteins
Fruits and Vegetables: Vitamins and Minerals
Importance of Balanced Diet for Growth and Development:A diet balanced with these nutrients supports body development and overall well-being.
Necessity of Improving Food Production
Population Growth and Food Demand:India's population exceeds one billion, necessitating an annual food production of over a quarter-billion tonnes to combat hunger.
Scope and Limitations of Agricultural Land Expansion:With limited land available, improving agricultural efficiency is critical.
Methods of Improving Crop Yields
Crop Variety Improvement:
Hybridization:
Crossbreeding genetically diverse varieties to enhance disease resistance, yield, and quality.
Genetically Modified Crops:
Incorporating desirable genes into crops for improved traits.
Crop Production Management:
Nutrient Management:
Balanced use of manures and fertilizers to enrich soil.
Manure vs Fertilizers:
Manure recycles organic waste, improving soil structure. Fertilizers provide concentrated nutrients but need careful application to avoid soil degradation.
Organic Farming Practices:
Minimizes chemical use, utilizing organic manures and biological agents.
Crop Protection Management:
Controlling weeds, pests, and diseases through mechanical removal, resistant varieties, and appropriate chemicals.
Advanced Irrigation Techniques
Types of Irrigation Systems:
Wells, Canals, and Tanks:
Various systems to supply water to fields, ensuring consistent growth.
Rainwater Harvesting:
Prevents drought impact and promotes water conservation.
Cropping Patterns for Enhanced Productivity
Mixed Cropping:
Growing multiple crops together to reduce risk and optimize resource use.
Intercropping:
Planting crops in alternate rows to efficiently use nutrients and control pests.
Crop Rotation:
Sequentially growing different crops in the same field to maintain soil health and enhance yields.
Sustainable Agricultural Practices
Importance of Sustainability:Essential for protecting natural resources while meeting food demands.
Methods to Achieve Sustainable Agriculture:
Mixed farming, integrating crops with livestock.
Using biodegradable pest controls and organic fertilizers.
Role of Animal Husbandry in Food Resources
Cattle Farming:
Milch and Draught Animals:
Crossbreeding for higher milk yield and disease resistance.
Proper feeding and care to enhance productivity.
Poultry Farming:
Layers and Broilers:
Improved breeds for eggs and meat, focusing on quality and yield.
Fish Production:
Marine and Inland Fisheries:
Farming finned fish and shellfish using sustainable methods.
Bee-Keeping:
Producing honey and wax, utilizing local and exotic bee varieties for better yield.
Impact of Modern Technology on Agriculture
Advances in Seed Quality and Crop Management:
Use of satellites and echo-sounders in fishing.
Improved irrigation techniques and resistant crop varieties for better productivity.
Environmental Factors Affecting Agriculture
Biotic Factors:
Pests and diseases that reduce yield.
Abiotic Factors:
Drought, salinity, and temperature extremes affecting crop growth.
Conclusion
Improving food resources through sustainable practices is essential for meeting the demands of a growing population. Continued research and development in agricultural methods and technologies will play a crucial role in achieving food security and environmental balance.
By adopting these methods, we can ensure a robust food production system that sustains both the population and the planet.
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